This information is provided free to Michigan citizens
and is not for reproduction for resale or profit.
State Taxes ............................................................................................... printed page 1
Financial Hardship Property Tax Exemptions ..................................... printed page 1
Homestead Property Tax Credit ........................................................ printed page 1
Renters Tax Credit ........................................................................... printed page 2
Tax Deferments ................................................................................ printed page 3
Prescription Drug Credit ................................................................... printed page 4
Michigan Emergency Pharmaceutical Program for Seniors (MEPPS) .. printed page 5
Elder Prescription Insurance Coverage Program (EPIC) ..................... printed page 5
Home Heating Credit ........................................................................ printed page 6
Health Care .............................................................................................. printed page 7
Medicare Program ............................................................................ printed page 7
Medicaid Program ............................................................................ printed page 8
Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries (QMB) ............................................ printed page 8
Additional Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries (ALMB) .................... printed page 9
Michigan Medicare/Medicaid Assistance Program .............................. printed page 9
Additional Programs ......................................................................... printed page 10
Food Assistance Program ................................................................. printed page 10
Additional Health Programs ............................................................... printed page 10
Nursing Facilities .............................................................................. printed page 10
Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program ............................................. printed page 11
Respite Care ..................................................................................... printed page 11
Care Management ............................................................................. printed page 12
Home and Community-Based Services Waiver Program ..................... printed page 12
Consumer Protection ................................................................................ printed page 13
Legislation ........................................................................................ printed page 13
Legal Assistance ............................................................................... printed page 13
Legal Hotline for Michigan Seniors .................................................... printed page 14
Housing ................................................................................................... printed page 15
Home Repair .................................................................................... printed page 15
Senior Rental Arrangements .............................................................. printed page 15
Rental Lease Breaking ...................................................................... printed page 16
Specific Legal Protections for Senior Housing .................................. printed page 16
Transportation ................................................................................. printed page 17
Energy ............................................................................................. printed page 18
Senior Community Service Employment Program .............................. printed page 19
Money ..................................................................................................... printed page 21
Individual Retirement Accounts ........................................................ printed page 21
Senior Discount Programs ................................................................ printed page 22
Direct Deposit of Social Security Payments ....................................... printed page 22
Direct Deposit of Income Tax Refunds ............................................. printed page 22
Personal Needs ................................................................................ printed page 24
Volunteer Programs .................................................................................. printed page 25
Retired Senior Volunteer Program ..................................................... printed page 25
Foster Grandparent Program ............................................................. printed page 25
Senior Companion Program .............................................................. printed page 25
Agencies of Government Which Assist Seniors ................................. printed page 26
Area Agencies on Aging ................................................................... printed page 27
Of the many aspects of life that affect seniors, perhaps none is as important as taxation. The tax system in Michigan offers several advantages to the senior citizen. In addition to their regular personal deduction of $2,900, persons 65 years or older are entitled to an additional exemption of $1,900 on their state income tax returns. Moreover, senior citizens are not required to pay state income tax on pension benefits received from a public retirement system in Michigan, a federal retirement system, or a public retirement system of another state or any of its political subdivisions if the laws of the other state permit a similar or reciprocal deduction or exemption. For the 2001 tax year, pension benefits from private pensions are deductible to a maximum of $36,090 ($72,180 on a joint return), and seniors age 65 or older who do not deduct pension benefits may deduct part of their dividend and interest income. For the 2001 tax year, this deduction has been raised to $8,048 ($16,095 on a joint return).
Recent legislation provides homeowners meeting the federal poverty income standards the opportunity to apply for an exemption of the payment of property taxes due to financial hardship. If you think that you may be eligible, you may file a claim with the township supervisor or board of review on a form provided by your local assessor.
Seniors are entitled to a homestead property tax credit equal to up to 100% of the amount their property taxes exceed 3.5% of their income, up to $1,200. General claimants who do not qualify for special consideration receive a homestead property tax credit equal to 60% of the amount their property taxes exceed 3.5% of their income, up to $1,200. This credit may be claimed regardless of whether or not a Michigan income tax return (form MI-1040) must be filed. You may claim a property tax credit by filing form MI-1040CR.
Seniors may claim the homestead property tax credit up to four years from the annual date (April 15) set for filing the claim. The credit may be allowed if a senior meets the following criteria:
a. Applicant or spouse of applicant must reach age 65 by December 31 of the tax year.
b. Applicant is the unremarried survivor of a spouse who was 65 or older at the time of his or her death.
c. Applicant must have lived in Michigan for at least six months of the tax year.
Those meeting these qualifications may calculate their homestead property tax credit through either the circuit breaker or the home value method, whichever is more favorable. The circuit breaker method provides tax relief by relating property tax liability to an individuals income. These special provisions for senior citizens permit a property tax credit based on 100% of the amount that property taxes paid exceed the amount equal to the following percentages of household income:
Income Percentage
Under $3,000 0%
$3,001 to $4,000 1.0%
$4,001 to $5,000 2.0%
$5,001 to $6,000 3.0%
$6,001 and over 3.5%
If the household income is less than $3,001.00, all property taxes paid up to a maximum of $1,200 are refundable. For example: Mr. and Mrs. Jones household income amounted to $5,400 in 2000. They were billed $500 for 2001 property taxes. Their credit is computed by first multiplying their household income ($5,400) by the percentage from the above table (3%) and then taking the difference between 3% of income and the amount of taxes paid, or 3% x $5,400 = $162; $500 Š $162 = credit of $338.
The home value method for low-income households can be used by seniors whose household income is $6,000 or less and who received a senior citizen property tax credit in 1973. To receive this tax credit, the Taxable Value of the property must be determined. This figure is usually found on the property tax bill or can be obtained from the local tax assessor. Twenty-five hundred dollars ($2,500) is then divided by the Taxable Value and the result is multiplied by the total annual tax bill. That result, up to a maximum of $1,200, is the tax credit to which the senior citizen is entitled.
Renters may also use this formula to obtain a tax credit by substituting 20% of the renters gross rent for the year as the amount of property taxes paid. Senior citizens whose rent is more than 40% of their household income may be eligible for a larger credit using the alternative credit. Such a credit would be the amount by which rent paid for the year exceeds 40% of household income, up to a maximum of $1,200. Renters should calculate their credit using both the standard and the alternative formulas and claim the larger credit.
People renting apartments exempt from property taxes but who pay service fees to the municipality in which they live may use 10% of their rent to calculate their property tax credit. Permanent residents of nursing homes, foster care homes, or homes for the aged may also claim a tax credit by using their share of the total property tax paid by the facility as taxes eligible for credit. Your manager should be able to tell you your share of the tax. It is important to note, however, that individuals must file a claim to receive any of these credits.
The city, village, or township summer tax deferment is a beneficial tax break for certain people over the age of 62. This provides those with a household income of not more than $25,000 for the preceding year the benefit of deferring summer property taxes until February 15 of the following year. The benefit of this procedure is that it usually gives sufficient time for state income tax refund checks to be received by the senior to be used to pay the summer property taxes. This is done by applying to the city, village, or township treasurer by September 15 of that tax year, or by the time that the tax would become subject to interest or late penalty charges. Your local treasurer can supply more information.
Senior citizens may also delay paying their winter taxes without the imposition of certain fees, penalties, or interest. Payment of these taxes may be extended until April 30 of the first year of delinquency. This deferment is permitted only if the local county board of commissioners has adopted a resolution approving a winter tax deferment. Eligibility may be accorded to those who have applied for a property tax credit before February 15 and have not received their refund before March 1. Such individuals must present a copy of their property tax credit form to their county treasurer. Your local treasurer can tell you if this deferral has been made available and whether or not you qualify.
Special assessments have long been a special problem for seniors. These taxes are imposed to finance installation of curbs, gutters, sidewalks, sewers, water, pavements, drains, and connections for water and sewer systems. Deferments of these special assessments may be extended to individuals who are 65 years of age or older, citizens of the United States, residents of Michigan for at least five years, and sole owners of the homestead for five or more years. In addition, annual household income in 2001 cannot have exceeded $17,429 in order to qualify. Each year this income limit is adjusted annually based on the annual average percentage increase or decrease in the U.S. Consumer Price Index. Additionally, not less than $300, exclusive of interest, can be deferred.
Some senior citizens may be able to claim a credit for a portion of the money that they spent during the year on prescription drugs. This is the last year to claim the credit. The Elder Prescription Insurance Coverage (EPIC) program replaced both the prescription drug credit and the Michigan Emergency Pharmaceutical Program for Seniors (MEPPS). The maximum credit allowed is $600 for single persons and $1,200 for married people, both age 65 or older. Qualifications for receiving this credit include:
You must be a resident of Michigan.
You must have reached your 65th birthday by December 31, 2001. For married couples, both persons must meet the age qualification in order for both to claim a credit for the costs of their prescription drugs. If only one of the spouses has reached age 65 by the deadline, only that persons costs may be considered.
Household income for the year cannot exceed $12,885 for single persons or $17,415 for married couples.
You were not a resident of a licensed health care facility for at least six consecutive months during 2001. Such facilities include a nursing home, hospital long-term care unit, county medical care facility, or mental health facility.
Senior citizens who live in subsidized senior citizen apartments, adult foster care homes, and licensed homes for the aged are eligible to apply for the credit.
Part-year residents of Michigan may claim a credit for their prescription drug costs paid while they were a Michigan resident. In calculating the credit, part-year residents should include only that income they received while living in this state.
In determining your costs during the year for prescription drugs, you may not include in the total the costs of any prescription drugs for which you were reimbursed by an insurance plan. The amount of your credit is determined by multiplying your household income (from line 30 of your homestead property tax credit claim) by 5% (.05), and subtracting that amount from your nonreimbursed prescription drug costs. Your credit cannot exceed $600 for single persons, $1,200 for married couples both age 65 or older.
If you think you are eligible for this credit, you must complete a Michigan Department of Treasury form MI-1040CR-9. You cannot file this claim any later than June 1 immediately following the tax year for which the credit is claimed. The Michigan Department of Treasury will not issue any prescription drug credits until after that date.
State law limits to $20 million the total amount the Department of Treasury can refund in a year for prescription drug costs. The legislature appropriates an amount to be used for the Michigan Emergency Pharmaceutical Program for Seniors (MEPPS). Currently, this amount is $6 million. If the total credits applied for are greater than $20 million, all credits will be reduced proportionately. As a result, the amount of your actual credit may be less than what you claimed. This credit will expire after the 2001 tax year.
Low income seniors who met federal income criteria in the past were eligible for the MEPPS program, qualifying them to receive vouchers for the purchase of prescription drugs. The MEPPS program has expired. The program has been replaced with the Elder Prescription Insurance Coverage (EPIC) program.
Under the provisions of 2000 PA 499, the state has established the Elder Prescription Insurance Coverage (EPIC) program, effective October 1, 2001. This new program replaced both the prescription drug credit and MEPPS.
In implementing EPIC, eligibility is limited to noninstitutionalized Michigan residents 65 years of age or older who have incomes at or below 150 percent of the poverty level, and are not enrolled in Medicaid or covered by insurance that includes prescription drugs (other than a Medicare supplemental policy). Persons with incomes up to 200 percent of the federal poverty guidelines may be enrolled, contingent on availability of funds.
Enrollees are required to meet a cost-sharing obligation by paying a co-payment not to exceed 20 percent of the cost of each prescription up to a monthly co-pay maximum ranging from 1/12 of one percent of the enrollees household income up to 1/12 of five percent of the enrollees household income depending on the percentage of household income over the federal poverty guidelines.
Initial enrollment in EPIC gave priority to those previously enrolled in the Michigan Emergency Pharmaceutical Program for Seniors (MEPPS). The second enrollment priority is for those with incomes up to 150 percent of the federal poverty guidelines who received a prescription drug credit under section 273 of the Income Tax Act of 1967 (MCL 206.273). Other applicants with incomes of up to 200 percent of federal poverty guidelines may be enrolled contingent on available money. Emergency vouchers may be available for eligible EPIC applicants who immediately need to obtain a medically necessary prescription.
The EPIC program is financed in large part with monies made available by the tobacco lawsuit settlement, and is designed to be a payer of last resort. If the federal government establishes a prescription assistance program, EPIC will only cover those costs not covered at the federal level. The program is not intended to be an entitlement, and benefits may be limited by available funding.
The Home Heating Assistance Program gives many low-income persons the opportunity to claim a credit against their state income tax for part of their home heating costs. There are two methods available for computing a home heating credit: the standard method and, for individuals with very low incomes and high heating costs, an alternative formula. This credit may be claimed regardless of whether or not a Michigan income tax return (MI-1040) must be filed.
In calculating your credit using the standard method, the amount of the home heating tax credit is determined by first figuring the amount of your household income and the number of exemptions you can claim. Your credit is your standard allowance minus 3.5% of your household income. The standard allowance is currently $332 for a person with an income of $9,486 or less and $448 for families with two exemptions and an income ceiling of $12,800. If you are a claimant whose heating costs are included in your rent, multiply the result of the preceding calculation by 50%. You will not get a credit if your household income exceeds the amount of the income ceiling as detailed in the home heating credit tax form.
To qualify for the alternative credit formula, your household income may not exceed $13,573 for filers with 2 or more exemptions. To compute the alternative credit, you must determine your total heating costs for the 12 consecutive monthly billing periods ending during October of the tax year (November 2000 to October 2001). Then you reduce your total heating costs (maximum allowed in 2001 is $1,493) by 11% of your household income. Your home heating credit will be 70% of this amount. If your claim is for less than 12 months or your heating costs are currently included in your rent, you cannot claim an alternative credit.
You must claim a Home Heating Credit on form MI-1040CR-7. To receive your credit, claims must be filed by September 30, 2002.
One of the most important factors contributing to the well-being of senior citizens is good health, its maintenance and its preservation. Michigans senior citizens are fortunate in having available to them numerous avenues to ensure quality health care, some of which include physical and mental health clinics, health screening programs, and nutrition services.
Additionally, the federal Medicare program and the state-administered Medicaid program assist seniors in need of medical services.
Medicare
is a federal health insurance program available to people 65 years of age or
older, some persons with disabilities under the age of 65, and people with
end-stage renal disease. There are two parts to Medicare Part A and Part B.
Part A is referred to as hospital insurance and helps pay for inpatient
hospital care, as well as care in critical access hospitals, some skilled
nursing facility care, hospice care, and some home health care. Part B is
referred to as medical insurance and helps to pay for doctors services,
outpatient hospital care, medical supplies, and a variety of other health care
services that are medically necessary. Certain preventive services may also be
eligible for coverage. Enrollment in Part A is available to most senior
citizens at no charge. Part B, however, must be purchased by paying a monthly
premium of $54.00 in 2002 (this amount may change January 1, 2003). It should
be noted that under certain circumstances some individuals may have to pay more
than this premium amount and in other cases the cost may be covered for certain
recipients with Medicaid eligibility. Individuals may choose to receive their
health care coverage from the original Medicare plan or from Medicare + Choice
(i.e., a Medicare managed-care plan).
Medigap policies, otherwise known as Medicare supplemental insurance policies,
are available for purchase from private insurance companies and may provide
coverage for benefits that the original Medicare plan does not. All Medigap
policies are sold in 10 standardized plans known as plans A through J and each
plan must cover certain minimum (core) benefits. According to the 2002 Guide to
Health Insurance for People with Medicare, the basic benefits include: 1) the
Part A coinsurance amount for days 61-90 ($203 per day in 2002) and days 91-150
($406 per day in 2002) of a hospital stay; 2) 100% of the cost for up to 365
more days of a hospital stay during your lifetime after you use up all Medicare
hospital benefits; 3) the first three pints of blood or equal amounts of packed
red blood cells per calendar year, unless this blood is replaced; 4) the
coinsurance or copayment amount for Part B services after you meet the $100
yearly deductible; and 5) generally 20 percent of the Medicare-approved amount
for medical and other services after the deductible is met. Additionally, some
of the Medigap plans cover extra benefits. For additional information regarding
Medigap policies, call 1-800-MEDICARE (1-800-633-4227) to request a free copy
of the 2002 Guide to Health Insurance for People with Medicare. This booklet is
also available on the Internet at www.medicare.gov.
For further information about Medicare or to request and receive a variety of Medicare and related booklets, call 1-800-MEDICARE (1-800-633-4227, TTY/TDD 1-877-486-2048 for the hearing and speech impaired) or access the Medicare website at www.medicare.gov. Individuals can also call the Medicare/Medicaid Assistance Program at
1-800-803-7174 to get help with their questions.
Medicaid, on the other hand, is funded by both the state and federal governments and helps needy individuals pay their medical bills, depending on their income, family size, and assets. This program may supplement Medicare services after Medicare coverage is exhausted and can also pick up co-insurance and/or deductibles for Medicare or other insurance. Medicaid is available to those who are eligible for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or who are financially or medically needy. A senior with questions about Medicaid should call a county department of community health. Further information about Medicaid can be obtained by calling 1-800-642-3195, or the Medicare/Medicaid Assistance Program at 1-800-803-7174.
QMB (pronounced Quimby) is a program for persons aged 65 and older (or those under 65 who are disabled and on Medicare) who are eligible to receive Medicare Part A (Hospitalization) and/or Part B (Physician Services and Medical Equipment) who have resources and assets at or below the following levels:
Individual $759/month ($9,108/year) $4,000
Couple $1,015/month ($12,180/year) $6,000
This program provides government payment of Medicare Part B premiums of $54.00 per month ($648) per year; Medicare Part A and Part B deductibles of $812 and $100 per year respectively; and substantial copayments for doctor bills, outpatient care, hospital stays over 60 days and skilled nursing home care over 21 days.
A program, Specified Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries, or SLMB (pronounced Slimby), is available for those with incomes and assets at or below the following levels:
Individual $906/month ($10,872/year) $4,000
Couple $1,214/month ($14,568/year) $6,000
QMB and SLMB are administered by the Michigan Department of Community Health. Persons interested in applying for QMB or SLMB coverage should contact their county Family Independence Agency.
ALMB provides two new benefits, Type 1 pays Medicare Part B premiums for persons whose income is at least 120% of poverty but not more than 135% of poverty level. Type 2 pays a portion of the Medicare Part B premium for persons whose income is at least 135% of the federal poverty level but not more than 175% of the federal poverty level. This is a federal benefit and is only available until the funds are exhausted. The asset limit is $4,000 for individuals and $6,000 for couples. Local Family Independence Agency offices determine eligibility for benefits. The Department of Community Health determines if funds are available.
Type 1 Individual $1,017/month ($12,204/year) $4,000
Couple $1,364/month ($16,368/year) $6,000
Type 2 Individual $1,313/month ($15,756/year) $4,000
Couple $1,762/month ($21,144/year) $6,000
Michigan MMAP is a statewide health insurance education counseling and assistance program which responds to the concerns of seniors regarding Medicare, Medicare + Choice managed care, Medicaid, supplemental insurance, long-term care insurance, Medicare and Medicaid funds for long-term care, and other related benefits issues. Direct counseling services are provided by volunteers trained to help seniors understand the increasing complexities of health care coverage. Service is provided at senior citizen centers, churches, community centers, over the phone, and through home visits for those individuals with mobility limitations. Persons in need of assistance with their Medicare benefits or managed care, problems enrolling in QMB or SLMB (see description of programs), and/or understanding supplemental (Medigap) or long-term care insurance should contact the MMAP toll-free at 1-800-803-7174.
The State of Michigan further supplements federal funding of numerous services to aid in the health and well-being of senior citizens. These services include congregate meals, home-delivered meals, home health care, and staffing of senior centers. Over 12 million meals are provided to Michigan senior citizens anually. The Senior Nutrition Program provides meals in congregate settings such as churches or senior centers, and the Home-Delivered Meals Program provides nutritious meals to more than 18,000 homebound senior citizens daily in the state of Michigan.
The Food Assistance Program (formerly Food Stamp Program) is another means to help reduce the high cost of meals. Food Assistance benefits are used to buy food or seeds and plants to grow food. Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) is the way Michigan distributes Food Assistance benefits. Benefits are issued into a food account using electronic technology and a debit card known as the Michigan Bridge Card. The EBT card can be used at USDA-certified retailers with Point-of-Sale (POS) devices. Only the recipient and their authorized representative can access the EBT account. Many senior citizens are eligible for Food Assistance benefits which help low-income households buy proper food for good health. This program is administered through the Family Independence Agency in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The following income deductions are allowed for households: a standard deduction, a deduction for dependent care, a deduction for high shelter expenses, and a deduction for child support expenses. Households with anyone 60 years or older or with a member who receives Social Security Disability (SSD) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI) can also claim monthly medical expenses exceeding $35 for the senior and/or disabled member of the household. Moreover, 80% of the gross earned income is counted. For additional information on the Food Assistance Program, contact your local Family Independence Agency.
Health maintenance and preservation are further promoted through various other state programs. As people grow older, they require increased medical and personal care assistance. The State of Michigan has responded to these needs by providing help with homemaking, home health aides, personal and day care, and preventive services to assist seniors with substance abuse problems.
Other important legislation that protects Michigans senior population concerns nursing facilities. The law prohibits physical, mental and emotional abuse, mistreatment, or harmful neglect of patients. It further establishes standards of care and provides for remedies and penalties for violations of the law. Especially important to seniors and their families are the laws provisions guarding a patients rights. These safeguards include the right to appropriate care on a nondiscriminatory basis, the right to be informed of medical conditions and to refuse treatment, to send and receive mail unopened, to manage ones own financial affairs, to exercise ones rights as a citizen, to have visitors, and to retain personal belongings. Additionally, the Michigan Department of Consumer and Industry Services is empowered to impose certain sanctions if homes are judged substandard. Admissions or readmissions may be suspended, a nursing homes allowed capacity may be reduced, patients may be transferred to other homes, and nursing homes may be placed in receivership. The Department of Consumer and Industry Services may send correction notices to the nursing home licensee and the Family Independence Agency specifying what must be done to remedy violations of the law.
The Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program is a system of state and local advocacy services designed to address issues and problems faced by residents of licensed long-term care facilities. Michigans Long-Term Care Ombudsman assists residents of nursing homes, homes for the aged, adult foster care homes, and their families and friends who have questions and complaints. Ombudsmen can also provide information about the Medicare and Medicaid systems and information about LTC policy and government regulations. In addition ombudsman staff can explain the different kinds of care, how to find it, how it is paid for and information on specific facilities. Those needing ombudsman service should contact their local area agency on aging or the Office of the State Long-Term Care Ombudsman at 1-866-485-9393.
Adult day care has grown rapidly over the past twenty years. Many of todays seniors participate in programs which provide respite to caregivers as well as assistance to adults living alone.
Day care for adults provides a mentally stimulating environment to help adults maintain or improve their level of functioning. Adult day care provides recreational and social activities for adults during times when
they might otherwise be alone. It also provides caregivers with a needed break to manage their own affairs and to have their own private time.
The goals of an adult day care program include promoting the individuals maximum level of independence, rehabilitation, socialization, and peer interaction. Planned activities are based on the individual needs, interests, and abilities of the participants.
Individuals who participate in adult day care include the physically or mentally impaired, socially isolated, and others with such conditions as Alzheimers disease, heart disease, stroke, Parkinsons, and other physical or mental handicaps.
Fees may vary for care as well as for other services such as transportation, meals, and various types of health care.
For more information on an adult day care center near you,
you may contact the Michigan Association of Adult Day Services at
1-877-362-2322.
Care Management is a program that locates, mobilizes and manages a variety of home care and other services needed by persons 60 years of age or older at risk of nursing facility placement. An assessment is conducted to identify needs, and appropriate services are secured to enable the client to remain at home. Grants are made to the area agencies on aging which administer the program locally. Eligibility for Care Management services is based on an individuals functional limitations in performing daily living activities. There are no financial eligibility requirements, but a client may be asked to share in the cost of the program according to their ability to pay. An individual will not be denied services due to inability to pay.
Now available in all Michigan counties, the Home and Community-Based Services for the Elderly and Disabled Waiver Program, also known as MI Choice, provides individual assessment and coordination of services such as assistance with activities of daily living, home-delivered meals, respite care and other specialized services to disabled adults and the elderly age 18 and older who medically qualify for nursing facility placement but wish to continue living at home. Financial and medical eligibility requirements apply. A Medicaid-funded program, MI Choice is currently administered by waiver agents across the state. To access the program in your community, contact your area agency on aging or visit the Michigan Department of Community Health web page (http://miseniors.net/.
Consumer protection is a serious concern to all citizens, but particularly to the many senior citizens who have limited incomes and must live frugally in order to survive. The State of Michigan has enacted a considerable amount of legislation to ensure that people are not victimized by deception or fraud in purchasing goods and services.
The Michigan Consumer Protection Act (1976 PA 331) prohibits 32 unfair or deceptive trade methods, acts, or practices. Most importantly, however, it provides consumers, including senior citizens, with the opportunity to seek redress by filing a lawsuit in court or a complaint with the county prosecuting attorney or the state attorney general. The law further allows for an award of actual damages or $250, whichever is greater, together with reasonable attorneys fees for a consumer who can prove violations of the law. Moreover, county prosecutors and the attorney general are empowered to conduct investigations, seek a subpoena through the courts, and bring legal action against those charged with deceptive trade practices.
In addition, the Pricing and Advertising of Consumer Items Act (1976 PA 449) requires, with certain exemptions, that retail merchandise be individually price-marked. It allows consumers to comparison shop more easily. It also provides a specific remedy for situations in which a price charged as a result of an identification or calculation by an automated checkout system exceeds the marked price.
Legal assistance is also available to seniors 60 years and older through programs funded under the Older Americans Act. Services are targeted to seniors who are considered most economically and socially needy. Services include, at a minimum, representation, advice/counsel, and legal education. The Older Americans Act has established the following priorities for Title III-B legal services: income, health care, long-term care, nutrition, housing and utilities, defense of guardianship, abuse and neglect, and age discrimination. Priorities may vary between programs depending on staff expertise and contractual agreements with the area agency on aging they serve. There are no income eligibility guidelines nor fees charged for services; however, donations are accepted. Seniors should contact their local area agency on aging for the nearest senior legal assistance program.
1/800/347-5297
The Legal Hotline for Michigan Seniors, staffed by specially-trained attorneys, is available to all Michigan residents 60 years and older regardless of income. Hotline attorneys determine if callers have a legal problem, give free legal information over the phone, and provide brief service such as calling a third party or writing a letter to resolve a legal problem. Problems that cannot be resolved by the hotline are referred to legal aid organizations for low-income clients, legal assistance programs serving seniors, pro bono panels, or to a specially-created panel of attorneys in private practice who agree to charge reduced fees.
Additional information about consumer protection can be obtained by contacting the Michigan Department of the Attorney Generals Consumer Protection Division, P.O. Box 30212, Lansing 48909, toll-free at 1-877-765-8388, or visit the Attorney Generals web site (http://www.ag.state.mi.us).
Although most Michigan seniors own their own homes, it would be a mistake to assume that is the end of senior housing problems. Maintenance of the home, both physically and financially, presents a challenge that increases as the senior grows older. While all agree that most seniors prefer to remain in their homes, among friends and in familiar settings, rather than move to an apartment or institutional setting, it is sometimes difficult for a senior to continue to support the home. Both for homeowners and for renters, there is a range of options to allow seniors to live in an independent housing arrangement as long as possible.
The best single source of housing information for a senior is the shelter advisor network. These individuals, working mostly through your local area agency on aging, maintain up-to-date knowledge on a wide range of housing options and resources in your community. A list of local area agencies on aging begins on page 27.
To help with home repairs, loan and grant funds are available from a number of sources. Your local shelter advisor may know of resources through the local unit of government or neighborhood organization, the community action agency, the Michigan State Housing Development Authority (MSHDA), the Family Independence Agency State Emergency Relief Program or, in rural areas, the U.S. Department of Agricultures Rural Economic and Community Development Service.
For seniors who wish to live with other seniors in a rental unit, or who may require some form of assistance with daily activities such as meals or transportation, various rental arrangements are available. Information on senior apartments can be obtained through the local housing authority or your local shelter advisor. Other care arrangements can be located through your shelter advisor or various specialized contacts. A list of adult foster care homes in your area can be obtained by contacting the Division of Adult Foster Care Licensing at (517) 373-8580. Information on homes for the aged can be received through the Department of Consumer and Industry Services at (517) 241-3838. Other listings of senior residential facilities can be located through the Michigan Association of Homes and Services for the Aging at (517) 323-3687 or under Retirement and Life Care Communities and Homes or Assisted Living in the Yellow Pages of the telephone book.
Michigan
law allows low-income senior citizens to terminate rental agreements if they
qualify and are offered the opportunity for subsidized senior housing. Tenants
who qualify must have occupied their rental unit for more than 13 months, and
provide a 60-day written notice. The law also applies to tenants who can no
longer live independently. To be released from rental agreements under these
circumstances, a notarized statement from a physician is necessary.
Seniors whose rental units are being converted to condominiums and seniors with disabilities living in rental units, including apartments and mobile home parks, are covered by special legislation. Contact the Michigan Office of Services to the Aging at (517) 373-8230 for details.
For many elderly citizens, accessible and affordable public transportation means full mobility and access to services in the community. The lack of transportation, especially in rural areas, is a serious barrier that significantly affects the lifestyle of the elderly. Depending on geographical location and specific transportation needs, an elderly citizen can use either fixed-route bus service (designated routes with bus stops) or demand response bus service that provides curb-to-curb or door-to-door service with an advance reservation.
As of fiscal year 2002, there were 16 public transit agencies providing urban transportation in cities such as Detroit, Flint and Lansing. In addition, 58 nonurban local systems provided valuable services to their residents. Many of Michigans older adults and people with disabilities look to specialized services as a means of transportation. One hundred and thirty-seven (137) private, nonprofit agencies were the recipients of state specialized services funds distributed throughout 56 counties and townships. In addition, the regional transportation program is designed to provide seamless transportation by facilitating travel across county lines in specific areas of the state. Many of the transportation services mentioned above provide transportation for the elderly to and from their homes to the nearest intercity rail or bus terminal.
For further information about public transportation availability, an elderly citizen should contact the local transit agency or seek advice from the area agency on aging serving his or her community. A listing of the states public transit agencies can be obtained by calling the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) at (517) 373-2835 or on their website at http://www.mdot.state.mi.us/uptran/ptd/providers.
In addition to Michigans home heating tax credit, energy assistance is provided to low-income senior citizens through various other means, both federally and state funded. The State Emergency Relief Program helps low-income households with emergency heating assistance, as well as other non-heating energy needs that cause a threat to life or health. Eligibility is based on income, household assets, and the need for emergency service. For more information, contact your local Family Independence Agency office or call the Home Heating Energy Assistance Hotline at 1-800-292-5650.
Certain utility companies also provide special services for senior citizens. The services may include
winter shut-off protection, special rates, discounts on labor and diagnostic charges for appliance repairs, exemptions from late payment charges, free home energy analysis, and emergency fuse replacement. Other energy conservation programs are also available for residential customers. For more information concerning these services, check with your local utility company.
Community service employment for mature Americans was initially authorized in 1973 under the Older Americans Act. The purpose of the program is to promote part-time public service and private-sector employment opportunities for persons aged 55 and older who have low incomes, i.e., 125% of poverty level. In order to further the purpose and goals of the program, the Secretary of Labor is authorized to enter into agreements with national organizations and agencies of a state government. Not more than 90% of the cost of any project may be supported with federal funds. The remaining 10% must come from other sources.
Significantly, Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) projects contribute not only to the general welfare of communities, i.e., through public service in hospitals, schools, social service agencies, historical sites, etc., but also result in an increase in employment opportunities over and beyond what otherwise would be available. To the fullest extent possible, such projects provide training opportunities and community assignments for minorities, Indians, and limited English-speaking individuals in proportion to their total numbers in the state.
In addition to the grant to the Office of Services to the Aging, the United States Department of Labor funds seven national contractors in Michigan. They are:
(1) Green Thumb, Inc.
(2) The American Association of Retired Persons Foundation (AARPF)
(3) The U.S. Forest Service
(4) The National Senior Citizens Education and Research Center (NSCERC)
(5) The Asociaciłn Nacional Por Personas Mayores
(6) The National Urban League
(7) The National Indian Council on Aging
For the 1997-98 program year, 1,970 positions were authorized for projects in Michigan. Twenty percent of the positions were administered through the grant to the Office of Services to the Aging. Projects are to cooperate in efforts to assure that the positions are distributed equitably to each county in the state.
While the program is viewed as providing community service assignments, the United States Department of Labor has set an annual goal of transitioning 20% of program participants into unsubsidized, private employment. In that regard, a major focus of the program is giving participants the opportunity, through subsidized employment, to learn or regain skills that will make them marketable.
More than 66% of the Office of Services to the Aging SCSEP participants are placed in agencies that provide services to the mature population. The largest service area is Senior Center/Nutrition Programs. Senior center placements comprise 16% of SCSEP assignments, and nutrition services rank second with 11%.
The United States Department of Labor/Office of Services to the Aging grant provides services through 15 subcontracts. Each of the 13 participating area agencies on aging and Operation ABLE operate subprojects. Operation able project participants who fill positions serve as employment aides. They assist mature persons who are seeking employment through the One-Stop Career Centers. However, most positions are placed through area agencies on aging. Information for job seekers and employers may be obtained by contacting Operation ABLE through the Older Worker Hotline, 1-800-922-HIRE (4473).
Most senior citizens live on fixed incomes. Although many earn additional money by working, the majority receive financial support through such means as Social Security, pensions, Supplemental Security Income payments, veterans benefits, and personal savings.
The State of Michigan funds and administers five retirement plans. They include:
(1) the Michigan Public School Employees Retirement System
(2) the State Employees Retirement System
(3) the Judges Retirement System
(4) the State Police Retirement System
(5) the Legislative Retirement System
These retirement systems are designed to provide employees or their beneficiaries with security in their senior years through a retirement income, as well as benefits for disabled employees. Information on state retirement plans may be obtained by contacting the Michigan Department of Management and Budgets Office of Retirement Systems, P.O. Box 30171, Lansing, MI 48909-7671, at (517) 322-5103 or 1-800-381-5111.
Another method that may be available to increase income for seniors is through savings accrued in individual retirement accounts (IRAs) for employed individuals and their spouses, which, under certain conditions, are tax deductible until they are withdrawn at age 591Ś2 or older. Moreover, the Federal Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 expanded the types of IRAs available for savings.
Senior discount programs, operated by many service provider organizations, are yet other means for stretching limited incomes. Numerous benefits are available to resident seniors when they apply for certain licenses. Persons 65 years and older are eligible for free identification cards issued by the Michigan Department of State. Additionally, a person in this age bracket is currently charged a reduced rate for certain hunting and fishing licenses. The senior license discount lowers regular license fees for a small game license, firearm deer license, bow and arrow deer license, combination deer license, bear hunting license, wild turkey hunting license, fur harvesters license, restricted fishing license, or all-species fishing license fees by sixty percent. The special annual state park permit fee is one fourth the amount of the annual park permit.
One of the conveniences offered to senior citizens is direct deposit of Social Security payments. Each month your whole check may be deposited automatically with your financial institution. In addition, you can designate that the funds be placed in either your checking or savings account.
This service is offered to people with a savings or checking account in a bank, savings and loan, or federal- or state-chartered credit union. The United States government will forward payments to the institution you specify, and authorizes deposits but not withdrawals. You can take advantage of this type of deposit if you receive Social Security payments, Supplemental Security Income payments, or Coal Miners Health Benefit payments.
Direct deposit is a security measure as well as a convenience. Many people in areas with a high crime rate prefer using the direct deposit service. The service helps to protect the intended deposit and the depositor from theft.
For further information, contact your local bank or credit union.
In Michigan most taxpayers have the option of having their income tax refund deposited directly into their bank accounts. To have your refund deposited directly into the U.S. financial institution of your choice, attach the Direct Deposit of Refund form 3174 to your MI-1040 or MI-1040EZ tax form. If you are not filing a MI-1040 or MI-1040EZ, attach the form to your property tax credit claim (MI-1040CR or MI-1040CR2) or your home heating credit claim (MI-1040 CR-7).
Some taxpayers may not be eligible for direct deposit. If for some reason the Department of Treasury cannot deposit your refund directly, they will send you a check. When requesting direct deposit, be sure that your financial institution will accept direct deposit, that the name(s) on the return match the name(s) on the bank account, and that your account number and routing transit number are correct.
At the federal level, the IRS offers direct deposit of tax refunds on electronic filing returns and TeleFile returns. Direct deposit is also available on paper Forms 1040, 1040PC, 1040NR, 1040A, and 1040EZ. Request direct deposit on nonelectronic returns by filling out the requested information (routing transit number, bank account number, account type) in the refund area of the return.
Direct deposit refunds offer taxpayers many advantages over a refund check, including speed, security, and convenience. Direct deposit refunds are also less expensive for the government to issue than paper checks. Taxpayers selecting the direct deposit option will be helping to hold down the cost of government.
Personal relationships change as we grow older and this is especially true for senior citizens. Some seniors may find themselves subject to abuse or exploitation. Solving these problems is often difficult, but two Michigan laws can help.
A remedy for abuse of senior citizens is provided by 1982 PA 519. This law requires human services providers to report to the Michigan Family Independence Agency any suspected incidents of abuse, neglect, exploitation, or endangerment involving an adult. This legislation was strengthened by the enactment of 1990 PA 122, which established a measure by which the caretaker of an abused adult could be held accountable for abusing an adult for whom he or she is responsible. Moreover, this 1990 law requires county Family Independence Agencies to collaborate with appropriate local substance abuse agencies in cases where the abuse, neglect, or exploitation of an adult involves substance abuse.
Another set of laws highly beneficial to many seniors passed when the Estates and Protected Individuals Code (EPIC) was amended in 2000 by a comprehensive package of legislation to protect those persons served by guardians. These laws (2000 PAs 463-469), in part, offer alternatives to full guardianship, require minimum visitation schedules, and provide certain protections against unapproved actions taken in regard to a wards property.
The Retired and Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP) offers senior citizens a meaningful life in retirement through volunteer service that is responsive to community needs. RSVP provides opportunities for persons aged 55 and older to serve on a regular basis in a variety of settings throughout their communities. RSVP functions under the auspices of an established community service organization with funding, support, and technical assistance from the Corporation for National Service, the State of Michigan and the local community. Senior volunteers serve without compensation, but may be reimbursed for such expenses as transportation and meals. Insurance protection is provided to volunteers while on assignment. Contact the Michigan Office of Services to the Aging at (517) 373-8230 for additional information.
The Foster Grandparent Program (FGP) offers low-income men and women aged 60 and older the opportunity to provide companionship and guidance to children with special and exceptional needs. Volunteers serve 20 hours per week and in return receive a modest tax-free stipend to cover the cost of volunteering, accident and liability insurance, assistance with transportation, an annual physical examination, training, and a meal on service days. Potential volunteers must have income at or below the established guidelines to be eligible for the FGP. Contact the Michigan Office of Services to the Aging at (517) 373-8230 for additional information.
The Senior Companion Program (SCP) offers low-income men and women aged 60 and older the opportunity to provide individualized care and assistance to other adults, especially seniors living at home or in institutions. Senior companions serve 20 hours per week and in return receive a modest tax-free stipend to cover the cost of volunteering, accident and liability insurance, assistance with transportation, an annual physical examination, training, and a meal on service days. Potential volunteers must have income at or below the established guidelines to be eligible for the SCP. Contact the Michigan Office of Services to the Aging at (517) 373-8230 for additional information.
Although numerous state departments have programs aimed at assisting seniors, statutorily-created agencies or councils on aging have existed since 1955 to study the problems seniors face and to make recommendations to the governor and to the legislature for improved senior services.
The Legislative Advisory Council on Problems of the Aging was created by 1955 PA 200. The council studied the needs and problems of seniors in such areas as employment, health, education, recreation, housing, and institutional care. One result of this work was the establishment of the Michigan Commission on Aging, which was created by 1960 PA 11 as an independent state agency. Following the adoption of the Constitution of the State of Michigan of 1963, however, the Commission on Aging was transferred to the Department of Social Services by 1965 PA 380. Basically, its work involved advocacy for seniors and annual recommendations to the governor for improved state programs for senior citizens.
The Commission on Aging was abolished by 1973 PA 106, which, in its place, created the Office of Services to the Aging, as an independent two-year agency within the Office of the Governor with the responsibility of planning, coordinating, and promoting services for senior citizens. The office developed the Michigan Comprehensive Plan on Aging and designated 13 planning and service areas, as well as area agencies on aging. 1975 PA 146 created the Office of Services to the Aging within the Department of Management and Budget and the Michigan Commission on Services to the Aging to advise the governor and legislature. The enactment of 1980 PA 210 granted full autonomy to the Office of Services to the Aging within the Department of Management and Budget, and Executive Order No. 1997-5 moved the office to the Michigan Department of Community Health.
In 1981, the Older Michiganians Act, 1981 PA 180, became law. The act made advocacy and administering state and federal programs serving seniors the primary responsibilities of the Commission on Services to the Aging, the Office of Services to the Aging, and area agencies on aging designated by the commission.
The Commission on Services to the Aging consists of 15 members appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate. In addition to advocacy for senior citizens, the commissions responsibilities include reviewing and approving grants administered by the Office of Services to the Aging; designating planning and service areas and area agencies on aging within each planning and service area; and participating in the preparation and approval of the state plan and budget required by the federal Older Americans Act of 1965.
The governmental body in Michigan that plans, coordinates, and administers senior services is the Office of Services to the Aging, which is primarily responsible for advocating on behalf of seniors within all levels of government and with private and public agencies. It works to enhance the lives of senior citizens by administering and funding numerous state programs. Further information about the office and its functions for the elderly can be obtained directly by contacting the Office of Services to the Aging at (517) 373-8230 or through the agencys website at MISeniors.net.
At the local level, area agencies on aging, which are authorized by both the federal and state government, are designated by the Commission on Services to the Aging to serve the needs of senior citizens within specified planning and service areas. There are now 16 such area agencies on aging in Michigan to serve as focal points for community services and programs for senior citizens. These agencies are particularly helpful to seniors in need of information about services available to them in their local communities. They are as follows:
Detroit Agency on Aging
133 Brewery Park Boulevard
Suite 200
Detroit, Michigan 48207
Phone: (313) 446-4444
Fax: (313) 446-4445
Serves: Cities of Detroit, Hamtramck, Highland Park, Grosse Pointe, Grosse Pointe Park, Grosse Pointe Shores, Grosse Pointe Woods, Grosse Pointe Farms, Harper Woods
Area Agency on Aging 1-B
29100 Northwestern Highway, Suite 400
Southfield, Michigan 48034
Phone: (248) 357-2255 or 1-800-852-7795
Fax: (248) 948-9691
Serves:
Counties of Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, Washtenaw, St. Clair
Region 1-C
The Senior Alliance, Inc.
3850 Second Street, Suite 201
Wayne, Michigan 48184
Phone: (734) 722-2830
Fax: (734) 722-2836
Serves: All of Wayne County excluding those communities served by the Detroit Agency on Aging
Region II Area Agency on Aging
8363 U.S. Highway 12
Onsted, Michigan 49265
Phone: (517) 467-2204
Fax: (517) 467-9113
Serves: Counties of Jackson, Hillsdale, Lenawee
Region III-A Kalamazoo County Human Services Department
Older Adult Services
P.O. Box 42
Nazareth, Michigan 49074-0042
Phone: (616) 373-5147
Fax: (616) 373-5109
Serves: Kalamazoo County
Region III-B Area Agency on Aging
Senior Resources of Southwest Michigan
200 West Michigan Avenue
Battle Creek, Michigan 49017
Phone: (616) 966-2475 or 1-800-626-6719
Fax: (616) 966-2493
Serves: Counties of Barry, Calhoun
Region III-C Branch-St. Joseph Area Agency on Aging
Branch-Hillsdale-St. Joseph District Health Department
570 Marshall Road
Coldwater, Michigan 49036
Phone: (517) 279-8009 or 1-888-615-8009
Fax: (517) 278-2923
Serves: Counties of Branch, St. Joseph
Region IV Area Agency on Aging, Inc.
2900 Lakeview Avenue
St. Joseph, Michigan 49085
Phone: (616) 983-0177 or 1-800-442-2803
Fax: (616) 983-5218
Serves: Counties of Berrien, Cass, Van Buren
Valley Area Agency on Aging
711 North Saginaw, Room 325
Flint, Michigan 48503
Phone: (810) 239-7671
Fax: (810) 239-8869
Serves: Counties of Genesee, Lapeer, Shiawassee
Region VI Tri-County Office on Aging
5303 S. Cedar Street, Building No. 1
Lansing, Michigan 48911-3800
Phone: (517) 887-1440
Fax: (517) 887-8071
Serves: Counties of Clinton, Eaton, Ingham
Region VII Area Agency on Aging
126 Washington Avenue
Bay City, Michigan 48708
Phone: (989) 893-4506 or 1-800-858-1637
Fax: (989) 893-2651
www.region7AAA.org
Serves: Counties of Bay, Clare, Gladwin, Gratiot, Huron, Isabella, Midland, Saginaw, Sanilac, Tuscola
Area Agency on Aging of Western Michigan, Inc.
1279 Cedar Street, N.E.
Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503-1378
Phone: (616) 456-5664
Fax: (616) 456-5692
Serves: Counties of Allegan, Ionia, Kent, Lake, Mason, Mecosta, Montcalm, Newaygo, Osceola
Region IX Area Agency on Aging
Northeast Michigan Community Service Agency, Inc.
2375 Gordon Road
Alpena, Michigan 49707
Phone: (989) 356-3474
Fax: (989) 354-5909
Serves: Counties of Alcona, Arenac, Alpena, Cheboygan, Crawford, Iosco, Montmorency, Ogemaw, Oscoda, Otsego,
Presque Isle, Roscommon
Area Agency on Aging of Northwest Michigan
Northwest Senior Resources, Inc.
1609 Park Drive
P.O. Box 5946
Traverse City, Michigan 49696
Phone: (231) 947-8920 or 1-800-442-1713
Fax: (231) 947-6401
Serves: Counties of Antrim, Benzie, Charlevoix, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Kalkaska, Leelanau, Manistee, Missaukee, Wexford
Region XI Area Agency on Aging
UPCAP Services, Inc.
2501 14th Avenue, South
P.O. Box 606
Escanaba, Michigan 49829
Phone: (906) 786-4701
Fax: (906) 786-5853
Serves: Counties of Alger, Baraga, Chippewa, Delta, Dickinson, Gogebic, Houghton, Iron, Keweenaw, Luce, Mackinac, Marquette, Menominee, Ontonagon, Schoolcraft
Region XIV Senior Resources of West Michigan
255 West Sherman Boulevard
Muskegon Heights, Michigan 49444
Phone: (231) 739-5858 or 1-800-442-0054
Fax: (231) 739-4452
Serves: Counties of Muskegon, Oceana, Ottawa